India and Vietnam have been enhancing their strategic relationship over the past few years, propelled by mutual concern over China's increasing assertiveness in the South China Sea. This relationship is vital for both nations, as they aim to counterbalance China's influence in the region.
Key Aspects of India-Vietnam Cooperation
Diplomacy: India and Vietnam have enjoyed a historic and trouble-free relationship, where India has favored Vietnam's struggle against colonialism during its struggle for independence and reunification. Both nations subscribe to the dream of a peaceful Southeast Asia and have supported one another's integration into regional forums, like the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).
Economics: India and Vietnam share strong economic relations, especially in the energy segment. India's public sector company Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) has collaborated with Vietnam's PetroVietnam in oil and gas exploration activities in the South China Sea, much to China's dismay.
Defense: India and Vietnam have deepened their defense collaboration, with India offering military training and arms to Vietnam. India and Vietnam have also carried out mutual military exercises and collaborated on defense initiatives.
Incentives for India's Engagement in the South China Sea
Freedom of Navigation: India is apprehensive about China's increasing assertiveness in the South China Sea, which undermines freedom of navigation and overflight. India's access to Southeast Asia as well as economic connections with ASEAN nations are dependent mostly on the safety of the South China Sea.
Energy Security: The South China Sea is estimated to possess huge oil and gas reserves, which can assist India in curbing its foreign energy import dependence.
Strategic Interests: The South China Sea is an integral part of India's Act-East Policy, which is designed to enhance India's economic and strategic engagement with Southeast Asia.
Challenges and Opportunities
China's Assertiveness: China's increasing assertiveness in the South China Sea is a major challenge to India-Vietnam cooperation. China has protested India's energy projects in Vietnam's exclusive economic zone, saying it infringes on its territorial rights.
Regional Stability: India and Vietnam have a shared vision of regional stability and security in the South China Sea. Both nations favor a rules-based approach to dispute resolution in the region.
Conclusion
The strategic partnership between India and Vietnam is essential in ensuring peace and stability in the South China Sea. With their bilateral relationship growing stronger, they are expected to increasingly contribute to the security architecture of the region. Through cooperation, India and Vietnam can advance their common interests and secure the South China Sea ¹.